Children's Jaw and Facial Development

The early years of a child’s life are a critical period for jaw development and facial growth. The foundation for the oral and facial structures is largely established during this time, influenced significantly by breastfeeding, among other factors. The process of palatal shaping and facial growth occurs rapidly, with a substantial portion of this development happening within the first few years of life.

Stages of Jaw Growth and Development

Infancy (0-2 years):

Developmental Focus: During infancy, the jaw is small and primarily serves the function of feeding. The movement involved in breastfeeding helps stimulate the growth of the jaw and the development of a healthy airway.
Key Considerations: Early habits, such as thumb sucking or prolonged bottle feeding, can influence the shape of the palate and the alignment of the teeth as they begin to emerge. By the age of 2, approximately 55% of jaw development is completed in both males and females. This rapid growth period is crucial for setting the foundation for future development.

Early Childhood (3-5 years):

Developmental Focus: As the primary teeth (baby teeth) erupt, the jaw continues to grow in both width and length. This period is crucial for the development of the dental arches, which will guide the placement of the permanent teeth.

Key Considerations: This is an essential time for monitoring oral habits, such as mouth breathing or tongue thrusting, which can negatively impact jaw development. Early orthodontic evaluation during this stage can help identify any potential issues. By age 4, about 73% of jaw development is completed in males and 77% in females. At this stage, the child’s facial structure, including the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw), is largely formed. The palatal width and the overall shape of the dental arch are well established, setting the stage for permanent teeth later on.

Mixed Dentition (6-11 years):

Developmental Focus: This stage is marked by the transition from primary to permanent teeth. The jaws grow rapidly during this period, with significant changes in the alignment of the teeth and the relationship between the upper and lower jaws.

Key Considerations: During early childhood, a child’s palate is still highly malleable, making this an ideal time for orthodontic monitoring. Starting around age 6, regular orthodontic check-ups are crucial to ensure that the jaws and teeth are developing properly. At this stage, the bones are more responsive to corrective measures, allowing for effective guidance of growth and development.

Periodic evaluations can help identify any concerns with the size or shape of the palate, which is essential for proper airway function and overall oral health. Early intervention, such as the use of expanders or other orthodontic appliances, can guide jaw growth, ensuring adequate space for the permanent teeth and proper alignment of the bite. By guiding the growth of the palate and jaw at this stage, we can set the foundation for a healthy, well-aligned smile as your child grows.

Adolescence (12-17 years):

Developmental Focus: During adolescence, the jaw reaches its final stages of growth, particularly in the late teenage years. This period often coincides with the eruption of the third molars (wisdom teeth).

Key Considerations: During adolescence, the jaws and teeth are still developing, though they are less malleable than in early childhood. If early interventions were missed, this is the time when more comprehensive orthodontic treatments might be necessary to correct narrow palate, misalignments or malocclusions.

If you have a narrow palate, be cautious about removing teeth to create space for braces or other orthodontic treatments. It’s important to explore alternative options that address the root cause without compromising your dental structure. Please schedule a consultation with us to learn more about the best treatment options for your needs.

Orthodontic treatment during adolescence not only improves the appearance of the smile but also enhances overall oral function, ensuring that the bite is properly aligned, which can prevent future dental problems. Addressing these issues during this period can significantly reduce the risk of complications later in life, such as TMJ disorders or excessive wear on the teeth. Regular orthodontic check-ups during adolescence are essential to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.